The Japanese government has taken a careful approach in reaction to the United States’ decision to place sanctions on Tomoko Akane, the president of the International Criminal Court (ICC), under the Trump administration. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi expressed regret over the sanctions, labeling them as “very unfortunate.” While Japan is keen on maintaining diplomatic discussions with the U.S. and other involved nations, officials have underscored the necessity of preserving positive relations with their sole treaty ally, the United States.
Japan plays a significant role in supporting the ICC, being its largest financial backer and contributor of personnel. Akane, who hails from Japan and has a background as a prosecutor in her home country, ascended to the role of ICC judge in 2018 and was elected president in 2024, marking a historic first for a Japanese national. The current U.S. administration has exhibited increasing antagonism toward the ICC, with President Donald Trump authorizing sanctions against its staff in February 2025. U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio later articulated Washington’s intentions to undermine the court while rallying allies to do the same.
In light of its strategic relationship with Washington, Japan initially refrained from joining international condemnation of the U.S. sanctions. This decision drew criticism from Akane, who urged Japan to adopt a more assertive stance in defense of the ICC and the principles of international law. Despite the cautious public stance, Japan has historically voiced its support for the ICC and Akane’s leadership.
Earlier this year, in January, Prime Minister Takaichi met with Akane during her visit to Japan, where she reiterated Tokyo’s dedication to backing the ICC’s mission. Japan’s measured response reflects a balancing act between its international commitments and its critical alliance with the United States, as it navigates the complexities of global diplomatic and legal landscapes.